Evolution in Practice

Many people mistakenly believe that humans represent the ultimate stage of evolution. In reality, all life is in a continuous state of change. We are the products of countless mutations—variations that occur during DNA replication. Each evolutionary change signifies a departure from what is considered the norm.

Some mutations may lead to the death of individuals before they can reproduce, marking them as evolutionary dead ends. However, if a mutation is passed down through generations, it may seem detrimental to the individual yet contribute to the ongoing evolution of the species.

It’s impossible to label a mutation as a “mistake” before understanding how it will interact with the environment over time. For instance, sickle cell anemia stems from a mutation in the beta globin gene, resulting in red blood cells that cannot carry oxygen efficiently.

Regarding VSDs, we often witness evolution in action. Evolution occurs not only at the level of organisms but also at the genetic level, where genes and chromosomes compete for dominance. Typically, the Y chromosome prevails, but certain VSDs result in the X chromosome determining sex, thereby altering the balance of male to female individuals within a population.

Thus, in some instances of VSDs, we are simply observing the natural processes of evolution and genetic competition, rather than mistakes. While it’s true that these mutations can lead to adverse outcomes for individuals, this is not uncommon in the broader scope of evolution, which operates on multiple levels.

Intersex Genital Mutilation (IGM)

It's ironic that those who criticize IGM often propagate the very beliefs that justify it. When VSDs are viewed as defects or health issues, it suggests they need to be rectified. This mindset has resulted in many intersex individuals undergoing unnecessary surgeries in infancy.

Those who vocally oppose IGM frequently endorse views that inadvertently support it. By recognizing that individuals with VSDs possess unique traits—only some of which may lead to health complications—we can see how early corrective surgeries are fundamentally misguided.

While it’s understandable to view mutations that cause health problems as “mistakes” or “defects,” this perspective is often too simplistic. A deeper examination of the societal, individual, and genetic implications reveals a much more complex relationship between mutation and evolution.

We must refrain from imposing value judgments on mutations and variations in development. While individual health concerns are valid, deviations from the norm should not be automatically deemed unhealthy. This principle applies universally to all mutations, not just to variations in sexual development.

Ultimately, the key takeaway is that while human beings may make errors, evolution itself operates without mistakes.

Further Reading

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While some VSDs may lead to unviable outcomes for individuals, others are inherited and result in fertile offspring, potentially altering sexual dynamics within human populations. Additionally, modern fertility treatments can empower previously infertile individuals to have children, enriching the spectrum of sexual diversity in our world.

Binary Sex and Differences of Sexual Development

Sex may appear binary, yet it is far more nuanced. Is it accurate to describe it as a spectrum?

In the video "Intersex People and the Physics of Judgment," Cecelia McDonald addresses misconceptions surrounding intersex individuals and emphasizes the importance of understanding their experiences.

The video "You Can't Ask That: Intersex people answer 'What is Intersex?'" provides valuable insights directly from intersex individuals, challenging stereotypes and clarifying common questions.